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dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfh
s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldlt
-dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhåf/f af/f–k;f{ 36gfsf ;+aGwdf hf/L cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg_
dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhåf/f ut kf}if dlxgfdf af/f lhNnfsf] uGhejfgL k'/, lgtgk'/ / k;f{ lhNnfsf] aL/u+h, /fgL3f6df ePsf 36gfx?sf] ;To tYo ;+sng u/L s]Gb|df k]z ug{ ;dfhsf cGt/;+:yf ;DaGw ;+of]hs >L /fd]Zj/ ;]9fO{sf] ;+of]hsTjdf k;f{ zfvf ;efklt dgf]h pkfWofo / af/f zfvf ;efklt xl/ ylklnofsf] Ps cg';Gwfg 6f]nL @)^^ df3df u7g ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm 6f]nLn] 36gf:yn Pj+ 36gf;+u ;DalGwt tYox?sf] ;+sng ug{ ljleGg ;+rf/ dfWod, :yfgLo gful/s, /fhlglts bnsf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{, kLl8t kl/jf/, ljleGg dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+:yf, ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf ;'/Iff;+u ;DalGwt JolQmx?nfO{ e]6L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/]sf] 5 . :jo+;]jL 9+un] k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L k]z ug{' ePsf]df 6f]nLsf ;+of]hs Pj+ ;b:ox?nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ub{} of] k|ltj]bgsf] d"n c+z ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 .
af/fsf] u+hejfgLk'/df ePsf] xTof / xTof k|of;sf] 36gf
!_ ldlt @)^^.(.@@ ut] af/f lhNnf ejfgLk'/ uf=lj=;= j8f g+=@ a:g] jif{ $@ sf /fdk|sfz ofbj -Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf ef]hk'/ /fHo ;ldlt ;b:o_ sf] ahgL 6f]nf eGg] 7fpFdf O§f e§f vf]n]sf] pknIodf pb\3f6g sfo{qmd tyf ef]h eP kZrft ;f] ef]h vfO{ lgh /fd k|sfz ofbj, P] j8f g+=& a:g] jif{ @% sf] clDasf dxQf] g'lgof -Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL u+hejfgLk'/ ufpF sdL6L ;b:o_, P] j8f g+=@ a:g] jif{ @^ sf] bf/f ofbj ;d]t # hgf Pp6} df]6/;fOsndf / j8f g+=@ a:g] jif{ #) sf] sGxfO{ ofbj / jif{ #@ sf] ;Lof/fd dxQf] csf{] df]6/;fOsndf /fltsf] sl/j (M#) ah] 3/ kms{g] qmddf ;f] uf=lj=;= sf] j8f g+=% l:yt nfnafa'sf] /fO{;ldn cufl8 sf]NaLtkm{ hfg] af6f]df cfO{ k'Ubf cs:dft cGbfw'Gb uf]nL k|xf/ x'Fbf klxnf] df]6/;fOsndf /x]sf dWo]df clDasf dxQf] / bf/f ofbjsf] 36gf:ynd} d[To' ePsf] / /fdk|sfz ofbjsf] jL/u+h l:yt gf/fo0fL pkIf]qLo c:ktfndf pkrf/sf lglDt nluPsf]df c:ktfndf k'Ugf;fy d[To' ePsf] lyof] . bf]>f] df]6/;fOsndf /x]sf sGxfO{ ofbj / ;Lof/fd dxQf] uDeL/ 3fOt] x'g' ePsf] lyof] . u'xf/ dfu] kl5 36gf:ynsf] !)) dL6/sf] b'/Ldf /x]sf] k|x/L rf}sLaf6 uf]ln k|xf/ ;'? u/]kZrft cfqmd0fsf/Lx? c1ft :yn tkm{ efu]sf] atfOG5 . 3fOt] b'j} hgf tTsfn} gf/fo0fL pkIf]qLo c:ktfn k'¥ofPsf]df sGxfO{ ofbjnfO{ tLg uf]nL nfu]sf]n] yk pkrf/sf nflu sf7df8f}+ NofOPsf] / csf{ 3fOt] l;of/fd dxQf] sf7df8f}+ l:yt gle{s c:ktfndf pkrf/ ePsf] lyof] . hf8f]sf] df};d / s'lx/f] /x]sf]n] cfqmd0fsf/Lx? slt ;+Vofdf lyP eGg] olsg x'g g;s]sf] :yfgLo JolQmx?sf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 . 36gf:yndf 5l/Psf uf]lnsf vf]sfx? x]bf{ 7"nf] xltof/ k|of]u ul/Psf] x'g ;Sg] ;'/Iff lgsfosf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 .
@_ 36gfsf] lhDd]jf/L t/fO{ d'lQm df]rf{sf] jf/f–k;f{–/f}tx6sf ;}Go sdf08/ cUgL pkgfd u/]sf] ;'lgGb| zfx :jo+ u+hejfgLk'/ uf=lj=;= j8f g+=$ s} jfl;Gbf /x]sf] / lghsf] jf:tljs gfd ;'lgn ;fx /x]sf] eGg] :yfgLo >f]taf6 v'Ng cfPsf] 5 . lgh ;z:q k|x/Lsf] hflu/ 5f8]/ e"ldut ;+u7gdf nfu]sf lyP . d[tssf kl/jf/ / lgh ;'lgn ;fxsf] kl/jf/aLr klxn] b]lv g} kfl/jfl/s ljjfb /x]sf] eGg] :yfgLo JolQmx?sf] egfO{ 5 . k|ltzf]w lng] efjgf af]s]/ lgh ;'lgn ;fx ;z:q k|x/Ldf k|j]z u/]sf] / ;z:q k|x/Ldf sfo{/t /xFbf k|ltzf]w lng g;s]kl5 hflu/ 5f]8L cGo JolQmx?;Fu ldln ;z:q ;d"xsf] lgdf{0f ul/ k|ltzf]w lng 36gf 36fOPsf] a'lemG5 . t;y{ d[ts / 3fOt]x? dflysf] cfqmd0f /fhgLlts cf:yfsf] sf/0fn] eGbf al9 JolQmut k|ltzf]wsf] efjgfn] ePsf] / 36gfnfO{ /fhgLlts cfofd lbg ;z:q ;d"xsf] gfdaf6 lhDd]jf/L :jLsfl/Psf] x'g ;Sg]] b]lvG5 . of] cfk/flws 36gf lglZrt p2]Zo /flv of]hgfa4 9Ën] u/] u/fOPsf] h3Go k|s[ltsf] 36gf xf] eGg] ljifodf s'g} ljjfb 5}g .
#_ zflGt k|s[ofsf] k|f/De x'g' cufj} / zflGt k|s[of k|f/De ePotfsf lbgx?df klg dWo t/fO{–dw]zdf Psyl/ gful/sx? Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLk|lt gsf/fTds / c;lxi0f' /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;z:q åGbsfnLg cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbL tkm{af6 36fOPsf 36gfx?sf] 3[0ff / k|ltzf]wsf] efjgf hLljt} /x]sf sf/0fn] klg sltko 36gfx? x'g] u/]sf 5g . t/fO{–dw]zdf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] k|efj lj:tf/ x'g glbg leq / aflx/af6 cg]sf} k|of]u / k|of; e}/x]sf] eGg] klg Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 . xfn;Dd pknAw tYox?sf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ d"ntM :yfgLo ?kdf jlnof] dflgPsf sGxfO ofbjsf bfh'efO / lghx?sf] efGhf;+u JolQmut k|ltzf]w lng] / ;f+u7lgs ?kdf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ sdhf]/ kfg{] bf]xf]/f] p2]Zoaf6 36gf 36fOPsf] x'g ;Sg] b]lvPsf] 5 .
$_ t/n /fhgLlts cj:yfsf] nfe p7fO v'nf l;dfgfsf] b'?kof]u ub{} t:s/x?af6 xltof/sf] ;xh cfk"lt{ eO/x]sf] / cem ;fgf xltof/x?sf] ljuljuLn] slxF klg cfk/flws 36gf 36fpg ;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ljutdf g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] k|ltsf/ ug{] gfddf ljt/0f ePsf xltof/x? /fHon] lkmtf{ lnPsf] cj:yf gx'Fbf tL xltof/ sxfF uP / s–s:n] k|of]u ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkm s;};+u 5}g . t/ tL xltof/x? h'g;'s} JolQm jf ;d"xsf] xftdf k'u]sf] ePklg ;dfh leq} 5 . o;y{ xltof/x?sf] ;xh pknAwtfn] o; k|sf/sf h3Go ck/fwx? ug{ u/fpg ;lhnf] kfl/lbPsf] 5 . To;dfly klg b08xLgtfsf] l:ylt / cfly{s Pj+ /fhgLlts lglxt :Jffy{ k"lt{ ug{ k|]l/t z;:q ;d"xsf] lj:tf/n] t/fO{df o:tf 36gfsf] a[l4 eO /x]sf] 5 .
k;f{ lhNnf jL/u+h /fgL3f6df ePsf] 36gf
%_ @)^^.(.@& ljxfg s/Lj !) ah] kfNkf tfg;]g gu/kfnLsf 3/ ePsf k;f{ lhNnfsf ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ad axfb'/ dNn jf8{ g+=!@ l:yt ;/sf/L lgjf;af6 c+u /Ifs k|=h= cgGt /fh v08\sf ;Fu af=c=c= $*! g+= sf] lhkaf6 lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no hfg cuf8Lsf] l;6df a;L c+u /Ifssf] cuf8Lsf] 9f]sf aGb u/L c+u /Ifs lhksf] k5f8Lsf] l;6df a:g nfu]sf] cj:yfdf PSsf;L uf]nL rnL ;f] uf]nLaf6 c+u/Ifs e'O{df n8\g k'u] . ;xfos k|=lh=c= pk/ nlIft u/L k|xf/ uf]nL k|=h= cgGt /fh v8\sfsf] b]j|] sfg d'gL nfuL bflxg] sGr6 dflyaf6 lg:s]sf] lyof] . v8\sf gf/fo0fL pkIf]qLo c:ktfn tkm{ nfFbf af6}df d[To' ePsf] lyof] . ;xfos k|=lh=c= 6fpsf]sf] k5fl8 efudf lz;fn] ;fdfGo rf]6 nfu]sf]n] pkrf/ kl5 sfof{no kmls{g' ePsf] lyof] . d[To' ePsf k|=h= ;nf{xL lhNnf sfln~hf]/ uf=lj=;= j8f{ g+=* lgjf;L x'g'x'GYof] .
^_ ljutdf klg lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no k;f{sf] zfvf clws[t df]xg d}gfnLnfO{ jL/u+h /fgL3f6 l:yt cfkm\g} lgjf; glhs Ps ;z:q ;d"xn] lbp;} uf]nL xfgL xTof ePsf] k[i7e"lddf k'gM lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no k;f{s} ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ nlIft ul/ k|xf/ ul/Psf] uf]lnaf6 lghsf c+u/Ifssf] d[To' x'g k'u]sf] 5 . o; 36gf cl3 b'O{ Jofkf/L / 9'jfgL Joj;fodf ;+nUg k|lti7fgdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] xTofdf klg ;z:q ;d"xs} gfd hf]l8Psf] lyof] . Pp6} 36gfnfO{ lnP/ ;dfgfGt/ ?kdf Pskl5 csf{] ;z:q ;d"xn] lhDd]jf/L :jLsf/ ugf{n] ;f]xL ;d"xn] g} 36gf 36fPsf] xf] eGg] 5'6ofpg lgs} sl7g x'g] u/]sf] 5 . jftf{sf] k|;Ë ;d]t hf]8]/ ;+o'Qm hgtflGqs t/fO d'lQm df]rf{ kjg ;d"xn] 36gfsf] lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] / ;=k|=lh=c= Pj+ lghsf] c+u/Ifs;+u of] 36gf k"j{ cGo s;}sf] s'g} lsl;dsf] JolQmut l/;Olj /x]sf] eGg] slxst}af6 v'Ng ;d]t gcfPsf] x'Fbf ;/sf/n] nfu" u/]sf] ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgfnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg], k|rf/df cfpg] / gful/ssf] dgf]jnnfO{ sdhf]/ kf/L rGbf c;'nLnfO{ tLj| jgfpg] p2]Zo /fv]/ 36gfsf] lhDd]jf/L lng] ;d"xaf6 36gf 36fPsf] x'g;Sg] al9 ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
&= d"nwf/sf /fhgLlts bnx? aLr ;z:q ;d"xx?nfO{ x]g{] / o:tf ;d"xx?sf sf/0f pTkGg ljljw ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg] ljifodf Pp6} wf/0ff aGg g;Sg'n] Pskl5 csf{] ul/ ;d"xx? hGdg] qmd ;Fu} cfd gful/s lgxTyf /fi6«;]js, pBf]uL, Jofkf/L / cGo k]zfsdL{ ;d]t s'g} g s'g} gfddf x'g] cfqmd0f / wlDssf] lzsf/ aGg' kl//x]sf] 5 . ef/tsf] ljxf/ k|b]zdf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:yltdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] sf/0fn] ;Ldfkfl/ cfk/flws ultljlw ug{ sl7g x'Fb} uPkl5 ;lhnf] / dlnnf] :ynsf] ?kdf jL/u+h nufotsf ;LdfjtL{ zx/x?nfO{ pkof]u ug{] k|j[lQ lgs} a9]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf k]z]j/ ck/fwLx?sf] k|of]u u/]/ h'g;'s} JolQm jf ;d"xn] rfx]sf] JolQmnfO{ cfqmd0fsf] lgzfgf agfpg] / v'Nnf ;Ldfsf] b'?kof]u ub{} ;Ldfjf/L k'u]/ cf>o lng ;kmn x'g] 36gfx? k|sfzdf cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
*_ ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] k'/ftg z}nL / ;Lldt >f]t ;fwg / bIftfsf] sf/0f o; k|sf/sf 36gfx?df jf:tljs ck/fwL;Dd cg';Gwfgstf{ k'Ug g;s]sf] b[i6fGtx? 5g\ . ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf ljz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf] ;Ifd, OdfGbf/, lgikIf / Jofj;flos hgzlQmsf] cefjdf o; k|sf/sf kmf}hbf/L ck/fwdf ;+nUgx?nfO{ sfg'gsf] bfo/df NofO{ bl08t ug{ g;Sbf lk8sx?sf] dgf]jn pRr / lkl8t nufot sfg'gdf ljZjf; ug{]x?sf] dgf]jn sdhf]/ aGg k'u]sf] 5 .
af/f lhNnfsf] lkk/f l:yt lgtgk'/df ePsf] 36gf
(_ ldlt @)^^.(.@* ut] ;fFem kv k;f{ lhNnf nfnk;f{ uf=lj=;= j8f g+=* lgjf;L jif{ #@ sf /fh]z d08nnfO{ rf]gL{ uf=lj=;= j8f{ g+=@ a:g] c+= jif{ #* sf e/t ofbjn] sfd 5 egL 3/af6 af]nfPsfn] lgh cfˆgf] df]6/;fOsn af=@$k *&%( g+=df ;f= af6 k;f{ lhNnfs} k/jfgLk'/ l:ylt lxdfn cfO/gsf] u]6af6 b'j} hgf /fhdfu{ cGtu{t lgtgk'/df k'Ugf;fy e/t ofbjn] klxn] gf:tf u/f}, clg sfdsf] s'/f u/f}nf eg]kl5 ToFxL rf]sdf /x]sf e/t ofbjsf ;fyL @ hgf ;lxt ltg hgfn] rf]sl:yt xf]6ndf gf:tf u/]sf /x]5g . gf:tf vfO{ pQ/ tkm{sf] kfg k;ndf kfg vfg uPsf]df ToxfF cGo rf/ hgf JolQmx?;d]t pleO/x]sf] lyP . /fh]z d08nn] kfg d'vdf /fVg] ljlQs} rf/ hgf dWo] ! hgfn] /fh]zsf] k5f8L k§L aGb'saf6 Ps uf]nL k|xf/ ubf{ lgh e'O{df g9n]sf]n] csf{] Ps hgfn] /fh]zsf] bfFof cfFvf glhs sGr6df tfs]/ uf]nL k|xf/ u/]sf]n] /fh]z e'O{df n8]sf] :yfgLo k|ToIf bzL{x?n] atfPsf 5g . /fh]z n8\gf;fy cfqmd0fsf/Lx? efu]sf] / tTsfn} 36gf:yndf /fh]z d08nsf] d[To' ePsf] / 36gf nut} Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf :yfgLo g]tf÷sfo{stf{ / ;'/Iff lgsfosf dflg;x? !% ldg]6 kl5 36gf:yndf k'u]sf] :yfgLo JolQmx?sf] atfpF5g . lgh /fh]z d08n Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ef]hk'/ /fHo ;ldlt ;b:o / k;f{ lhNnf If]q g+=@ df ;]qm6/Lsf ?kdf sfo{/t lyP .
!)_ :yfgLo /fhgLlts bnx? / ltgsf eft[ ;+u7gx?af6 :yfgLo k|x/L÷k|zf;gnfO{ ck]lIft ;xof]u / ;dy{g k|fKt 5}g eg] k|x/L÷k|zf;gn] klg ck]Iff cg'?k hgtfsf] dg lhTg ;kmn x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o:n] ubf{ ;"rgf ;+sng, ck/fw cg';Gwfg / cleof]hgdf jf+l5t ;kmntf xfl;n x'g g;s]sf] kfOG5 . cem /fhgLlts bjfjdf ck/fwLx? pDsg] jf rf]lvg] u/]sf] hgu'gf;f] JofKt 5 . ck/fw / /fhgLlt aLrsf] lgs6td ;DaGw lrg{ g;Sbf klg /fhgLltsf] cfj/0fdf ck/fw, czfGt / cl:y/tf df}nfO/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
!!_ e"ldut sfndf /fh]z d08nn] e/t ofbj ;d]t ;+u rGbf c;'n]sf] k'/fgf] l/;Olj /x]s]f ;d]t :yfgLo JolQmx?sf] egfO /x]sf] 5 . d[ts /fh]z d08nsf] k"j{ kl/lrt /x]sf e/t ofbjn] g} 3/df /x]sf /fh]z d08nnfO{ sfd 5 elg af]nfpg k7fPkl5 ;xh} :jLsf/ ul/ ;fFemsf] ;dodf lxdfn cfO/gsf] u]6 cufl8 b'j} hgfsf] e]6 eO{ Pp6} df]6/;fOsndf rl9 lgtgk'/ rf]sdf k'lu cGo Pshgf ;d]t ylkO tLg} hgf xf]6ndf vfglkgsf] sfo{qmd ;s]/ kfg k;ndf kfg vfg] qmddf /fh]z d08n pk/ uf]nL k|xf/ ePsf]n] vfglkgsf] qmddf ;d]t tTsfn s'g} ljjfb geO ;+u} kfg vfg uPsf] kfOPsf] x'Fbf k"j{ kl/lrt ePsf] sf/0fn] e/t ofbjnfO{ xTof of]hgfdf k|of]u ul/Psf] x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf klg TolQs} 5 . /fh]z d08n;Fu s;}sf] s'g} JolQmut l/;/fu /x]sf] eGg] v'Ng gcfPsf] cj:yfdf /fhg}lts k|ltzf]wsf] sf/0fn] 36gf 36fOPsf] x'g;Sg] clws ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
!@_ b]zsf] dxTjk"0f{ cf}Bf]lus sf]/L8f]/sf ?kdf /x]/ klg ;/sf/L dfGotf kfpg g;s]sf] jL/u+h–kyn}of cf}Bf]lus sf]l/8f]/df ljutdf klg xTof, cfuhgL, ljikmf]6, ckx/0f, lkm/f}tL c;'nL, wDsL cflb 36gfx? 36]sf] ePklg ;'/Iff cj:yfdf tflTjs ;'wf/ cfpg'sf] ;f6f] cfk/flws lqmofsnfkdf a[l4 eO/x]sf] o; 36gfn] klg phfu/ u/]sf] 5 . ck/fw ug{]x? ;+qmd0fsfnLg g]kfnsf] sdhf]/ /fHo ;+oGqsf] nfe p7fpb} cg]s cfj/0fdf o; If]qdf lqmofzLn /x]sf] ;Gbe{df k|efjsf/L ;'/Iff Joj:yfsf] Pskl5 csf{] 36gfx? 36fpg ;kmn eO/x]sf] 5 .
;'emfax?
!_ u+hejfgLk'/ / lgtgk'/sf] 36gf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ k|lt nlIft b]lvG5 eg] k;f{sf] 36gf /fi6«;]js sd{rf/Lk|lt nlIft 5 . oL 36gfdf k|ToIf ;+nUg bf]ifLx? hf] xfn;Dd kqmfp kg{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ nfO{ tTsfn kqmfp u/L sfg'gL bfo/fdf NofO{ sfjf{xL k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg /fHo kIfaf6 u+eL/tfk"j{s sbd rfnL bf]ifLx?pk/ sfg'gL sf/jfxLsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ul/g'kb{5 .
@_ 36gfdf hLjg u'dfPsf JolQmx?sf] kl/jf/nfO{ /fHosf tkm{af6 plrt /fxt Pj+ Ifltk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ug{sf;fy} 3fOt]x?sf] pkrf/sf] vr{ Joxf]g{' kb{5 .
#_ s'g}klg cfk/flws 36gfdf /fhgLlts bn tyf g]tfx?n] ck/fwLsf] ;+/If0f glbO{ :jtGq Pj+ lgZkIf ?kdf cg';Gwfg sfo{ cuf8L a9fO bf]ifLdfly sfg'gL sfjf{xL u/L b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ul/g'kb{5 .
$_ 36gfsf lk8Lt kl/jf/, k|ToIfbzL{sf] ;+/If0f / ;'/Iffsf] ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ / cfufdL lbgdf o:tf cfk/flws 36gf bf]xf]l/g glbg ;'/Iff lgsfo rgfvf] agL v'Nnf ;LdfgfaLr x'g] xltof/ tyf ljikmf]6s kbfy{ cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0fdf cfj:os pkfox? canDag ug{ ;/sf/ ;lqmo x'g'kb{5 .
%_ t/fOdf lqmofzLn ;z:q ;d"x;+u aftf{ u/L ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;/sf/ ;dIf / xltof/sf] /fhgLlt kl/Tofu ug{ ;z:q ;d"xx?nfO{ zflGt ;dfh xflb{s cfu|x ub{5 .
page last revised on 19 March 2010